Relationship Between Environmental Sanitation Factors and Diarrhea Incidences in Toddlers in Kebun Kopi Health Center Area

Abstract

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of mortality among toddlers, and inadequate housing conditions coupled with poor sanitation can elevate the risk of this occurrence. This study aims to explore the relationship between physical housing conditions and environmental sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers in the Kebun Kopi Public Health Center area, Jambi City. The methodology employed is a cross-sectional study involving 121 respondents selected randomly. Data were collected through questionnaires and direct observations of housing conditions and environmental sanitation. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test revealed a significant relationship between the physical quality of drinking water sources and clean water (p-value = 0.032, PR = 2.026, and 95% CI 1.330-3.085) as well as the ownership of sanitary latrines (p-value = 0.002, PR = 2.025, and 95% CI 1.351-3.035) with the incidence of diarrhea (p < 0.05). Conversely, the condition of flooring, ventilation, wastewater disposal systems, and household waste management did not demonstrate significant relationships. Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that the ownership of sanitary latrines is the most influential variable affecting the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers (p-value = 0.002, PR = 2.025, and 95% CI 1.351-3.035). This study concludes that enhancing sanitation quality and access to safe drinking water is vital in preventing diarrhea among toddlers. It is hoped that the findings of this research can serve as a reference for local health services in formulating policies to improve environmental health and reduce the incidence of diarrhea in young children.